Income Tax Calculator (US Federal and State, 2025)
Estimate your 2025 US federal income tax, effective and marginal rate, and see the tax charged in each bracket.
How income tax is worked out
The calculator starts with your income and removes pre-tax savings such as a 401k or HSA. It then subtracts the larger of the standard deduction or your itemized deductions. The result, your taxable income, is taxed in slices called brackets, from 10% up to 37%. Only the income inside each slice is taxed at that slice's rate, so earning more never lowers your take-home pay.
Marginal and effective rate
Your marginal rate is the rate on your last dollar, the top bracket you reach. Your effective rate is your total tax divided by your income, and it is always lower. The bracket table shows how much income lands in each band and the tax it creates.
Figures used
2025 standard deduction: $15,750 single, $31,500 married filing jointly and $23,625 head of household. The child tax credit is $2,200 per child under 17 and phases out above $200,000 ($400,000 joint). Payroll tax is Social Security 6.2% up to $176,100 plus Medicare 1.45%.
Limits
It does not cover capital gains rates, self-employment tax, the alternative minimum tax, refundable credits, or deductions such as student loan interest. State tax is a flat rate you choose. For those cases, use the capital gains and self-employment tax calculators on this site.
Tax year: US 2025. Rates and limits are updated every year. Source: IRS federal tax rates and brackets. Last reviewed November 2026.
Tips and common mistakes
- Compare the standard deduction with your itemized total and use the larger one.
- Raise pre-tax savings to see how much tax a 401k contribution saves.
- Compare your marginal and effective rate before you decide on extra income.
Learn more
Frequently asked questions
Which tax year is this?
2025 federal brackets, standard deductions and child tax credit.
What is the difference between marginal and effective tax rate?
Marginal is the rate on your last dollar. Effective is total tax divided by total income.
Why is state tax a flat rate?
State rules vary widely, so you enter a rate. Use 0 for states with no income tax.
Does it work for other countries?
This one is for the US. See the UK, Canada and Australia take-home pay calculators for those.
Is this tax advice?
No. It is an estimate for planning.
Money guides for this topic
All guides →How Income Tax Brackets Really Work
Marginal vs effective tax rate explained with a worked example, and why a raise never leaves you with less take-home pay.
Read guide →Self-Employed Taxes Made Simple
How self-employment tax works, why you set money aside from every payment, and how to estimate your yearly bill.
Read guide →How to Make a Budget in 5 Simple Steps
A beginner-friendly guide to building a monthly budget that you can actually stick to.
Read guide →Related calculators
Salary to Hourly Calculator
Convert a yearly salary into hourly, daily, weekly and monthly pay.
Open calculator →Hourly to Salary Calculator
Convert an hourly wage into a yearly, monthly and weekly salary.
Open calculator →Overtime Pay Calculator
Calculate overtime pay and total earnings for a week.
Open calculator →Results are estimates and not financial advice.