RMD Calculator: Required Minimum Distributions
Find how much you must withdraw each year from a traditional IRA or 401k once required withdrawals start at age 73.
What an RMD is
Traditional IRAs and 401ks defer tax, but the government makes you start taking money out. Required minimum distributions (RMDs) begin at age 73 for most people, and at 75 for those born in 1960 or later. Each year the amount is the balance at the end of the previous year divided by an IRS life expectancy number.
How this calculator works
It uses the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table. At 73 the divisor is 26.5, so about 3.8% of the balance must come out. The divisor shrinks as you age, so the percentage rises. The table shows each year's withdrawal and what is left, using the growth rate you enter.
Why it matters
RMDs count as taxable income and can push you into a higher bracket. Missing one carries a steep penalty. Planning ahead with Roth conversions or charitable giving can lower the tax. Roth IRAs have no RMDs for the owner.
Tax year: US 2025. Rates and limits are updated every year. Source: IRS: required minimum distributions FAQs. Last reviewed November 2026.
Tips and common mistakes
- Enter your age below 73 to project the first RMD.
- Consider Roth conversions before RMDs start.
- Qualified charitable distributions can satisfy RMDs tax-free.
Learn more
Frequently asked questions
When do RMDs start?
Age 73 for most people, 75 if born in 1960 or later.
Which table is used?
The IRS Uniform Lifetime Table. A different table applies if your spouse is over 10 years younger and sole beneficiary.
Do Roth IRAs have RMDs?
Not for the original owner.
What is the penalty for missing one?
Up to 25% of the amount not withdrawn, and it can be lower if fixed quickly.
Is this tax advice?
No. Check IRS rules for your birth year.
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